Case 1: A leading German automobile company is expanding into South America, Asia, and the Middle East. The company sells various vehicle models (economy, luxury, electric, and commercial vehicles) and has different regional preferences for its cars. The company needs to redesign its international structure to ensure strong product innovation, adapt to regional customer preferences and optimize efficiency in global operations. Recommend two possible organization designs for the company from the five structures. Justify your answer based on innovation & product specialization, local responsiveness and cost efficiency. Mention advantages and disadvantages to justify your response.
Case 2: A U.K. based software company sells software for five different industries: Banking (finance security software), Healthcare (patient record software), Retail (e-commerce solutions), Automotive (AI navigation software) and Manufacturing (factory automation tools). The company must choose between Global Product Structure (separate teams for each software type) and Global Customer Structure (separate teams for banking, healthcare, retail, etc.) As a consultant, analyze which structure would best support company’s growth and customer needs. Which structure helps focus on industry-specific solutions? Which structure promotes more innovation across industries? Which model creates better internal communication?
Case 3: A global airline operates in 60+ countries and is struggling to balance operational efficiency (centralized decision-making, cost control) and customer needs (regional service adaptation, flexible policies). Should airline adopt a global functional design (centralized operations by function) or a Matrix structure (dual reporting to functional and regional managers)?
Case 4: A global clothing brand sells fashion in 40+ countries. Currently, the company has a Global Functional Structure, meaning that all decisions about marketing, pricing, and design re controlled from headquarters in Paris. Asian customers prefer colourful and oversized clothing, but Paris HQ insists on minimal designs. U.S. stores want fast inventory changes, but global logistics is too slow. Middle Eastern customers demand modest styles, but HQ does not offer variations. As a consultant, identify why the Functional Structure is failing. Propose a better organizational design. Justify how the new structure will improve customer satisfaction and business performance.
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